Normal vocal cord

High Definition Laryngology 2016

Lecture on High Definition Laryngology given at the 2016 European Laryngological Society Meeting in Genoa, Italy. 
Normal young female vocal cords

normal young female vocal cords

normal young female vocal cords

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Laryngoscopy: Healthy male opera singer singing

25 year old healthy male opera singer. There is a lot of action during singing, which is a combination of speech and vocalization. Here he sings a segment of "Old Man River"

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Laryngoscopy: Healthy young female opera singer singing

25 year old healthy female opera singer. There is a lot of action during singing, which is a combination of speech and vocalization. Here she sings a segment of "O mio caro"

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Stroboscopy: Flexible fiberoptic: vocal arpeggio in female

Normal female singer. This arpeggio demonstrates how the pharynx narrows as pitch increases to create a narrower tube for resonance at the higher pitch. There is a touch of vibrato at the end.

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Stroboscopy: Rigid: vocal slide down in female

This slide downward in pitch demonstrates how the vocal folds shorten in length to decrease pitch. The light is constant so the edges of the vocal folds blur during phonation. The video frame rate on this digital recording was 30 frames per second and the vocal folds are vibrating at over 200 vibrations per second. A rigid scope was used for the recording. (Strobe in larger version)